Books, book chapters, and articles are secondary sources that provide information and interpretations on or about primary sources, events, and phenomena.
Purpose: To advance knowledge in a field of study, often in the form of original research or analysis
Format: Journal articles, books, book chapters; usually 5 pages or longer
Authors: Experts in the field, such as professors, scientists, etc.
Language: Text-heavy, with advanced language and terminology from the discipline
Sources: Includes citations and a bibliography, works cited, or references list