About APA Style

APA (American Psychological Association) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the social sciences.

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Template for Citing Indigenous Elders and Knowledge Keepers in APA

Last name, First initial. Nation/Community. Treaty Territory if applicable. Where they live if applicable. Topic/subject of communication if applicable. personal communication. Month Date, Year.

For example:

Cardinal, D. Goodfish Lake Cree Nation. Treaty 6. Lives in Edmonton. Oral teaching. personal communication. April 4, 2004.

Text-based generative AI applications “are designed to model human language and use mathematical models to predict what the next word is most likely to be based on what you are asking for. Keep in mind -- they don't think. They do NOT understand, read, choose or give you the ‘best information’" (UMN Libraries). These applications are not reliable information sources. They pull from internet sites including sites with biased and racist content and misinformation.

Before you use generative AI, check with your professor. If approved, follow their guidelines for use and attribution.

Generally, you should include the use of generative AI in the introduction or methodology section of your paper explaining how and why you used the tool.

Consult this style guide for more information: